生物净化槽中除磷菌的筛选鉴定与工艺优化

Screening Identification and Optimization on Dephosphorization Strains in Biological Purification Tank

[目的]筛选出1株专性除磷菌并优化其培养条件。[方法]利用筛选及分离培养基从采自崇明岛使用的生物净化槽的菌种中筛选出专性除磷菌并优化其培养条件。[结果]筛选出的菌株C-7为杆菌，革兰氏染色反应呈阳性，茵落呈灰白色，圆形，鞭毛侧生。培养温度为35℃时，菌株C-7的除磷效率最高。培养液的总磷（TP）去除率在前4d里逐渐增大，至第5天达最大值，此后基本保持稳定。鉴定结果表明，该菌株为枯草杆菌。该菌株生长的最佳初始pH值和初始温度分别为6．5～7．0和30～35℃，5d后培养液中TP的降解率达20．3％。崇明岛厌氧净化槽一生态浮床组合工艺对磷平均去除率为79．4％，厌氧净化槽对去除’IP的贡献率为53％。该菌株在最佳环境条件下的除磷率可达20．3％。[结论]该研究为农村地区的生活污水处理提供了技术支持。

[ Objective ] The study aimed to screen out a special dephosphorization strain and optimize its culture conditions. [ Method ] A special dephosphorization strain was screened out from the strains collected from the biological purification tank used in Chongming Island by using screening and isolation media and its culture conditions were optimized. [ Result] The selected strain C-7 was a Gram-positive bacillus and its colony was offwhite and round and had lateral flagella. When the culture temperature was 35 ℃, the dephosphorization efficiency of the strain C-7 was highest. The removed rate of total phosphorous （TP） from the culture solution was gradually increased in the former 4 d and reached its maximum on the 5th day, after that, it was kept stable basically. The identification results showed that the strain was Bacillus subtilis and the optimum initial pH value and initial temperature for its growth were 6.5 - 7.0 and 30 - 35℃ resp. The degraded rate of TP in the culture solution reached 20.3% after 5 d. The average removed rate of phosphorous by anaerobic purification tank-ecological floating bed combination technology was 79.4% in Chongming Island and the contribution rate of anaerobic purification tank to removing TP was 53%. The dephosphorization rate of the strain in the optimum environment could be up to 20.3%. [ Conclusion] This study supplied technical support for processing domestic sewage in rural area.