林下参根区土壤养分状况研究

Research on the Nutrient Status in the Soil of Ginseng Root Zone under Forest

[目的]为林下参健康发展和野山参资源的恢复提供科学依据。[方法]运用常规农化分析法对0(对照)、5、10、15、20、25年生林下参根区土壤的主要养分进行测定分析。[结果]林下参根区土壤不同层次有机质、全N和全P含量变化趋势均为表层>根层>底层;随着参龄的增加,根层土壤有机质和全N含量有增加趋势;除25年生土壤外,其他各年生含量都与对照间达显著差异,根层土壤全P含量与对照间达极显著差异,以25年生土壤含量最高,达0.183 g/kg;不同参龄全K含量与对照差异不显著,不同层次含量基本保持一致,碱解N和有效K含量随参龄增加含量呈递增趋势且低于对照,速效P含量则是随参龄增加有升高趋势且均高于对照;根层土壤pH值有升高趋势,25年生最高为6.36;对养分元素进行相关性分析表明,土壤有机质和全N、碱解N、速效P以及有效K达到极显著正相关,与全N和速效P相关系数最高,分别为0.968和0.987。全N和有效态氮磷钾、pH值均达到极显著正相关。[结论]林下参护育过程中,土壤养分供应充足,参根不同部位养分含量差异显著。

[ Objective ] The scientific basis of the healthy development of ginseng growth under forest and the recovery of its wild resource was provided. [ Method] With the method of agro-chemieal analysis, the major nutrients in the soil of ginseng root zone under forest with the ginseng growth year for 0（control） , 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years were measured. [Results] The order of the content of organic matter, total N and total P at the different soil layers in ginseng root zone under forest was surface 〉 growing layer 〉 bottom. With the growth year-increas- ing, there was the increasing trend in the content of organic matter and total N in growing layer in soil. In addition to the soil for 25 year-old ginseng growth, in all others the contents of nutrients were significant higher than those of the control ; there was a very significant difference in the content of total P in soil between the growing layer and the control and the maximum value（0. 183 g/kg） appeared in the soil for 25 year-old ginseng growth. There was no significant difference in the content of total K between treatment and CK and there was same content at different layers. With the growth year-increasing, the content of alkali-hydrolyzable N, and available K was increasing but lower than those of the control; the content of available P was increasing and also was higher than that of the control. The pH value in growing layer was increasing with the growth year-increasing and the maximum value （6.36） appeared in the soil for 25 year-old ginseng growth. The correlation analysis indicated that there was very significant positive correlation between the content of organic matter and total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, quickly effective P and effective K, respectively and the correlation coefficient between the content of total N and quickly available P reached the highest value （0. 968 and 0.987 ）, respectively. The content of total N was extremely significant positive correlation with the content of available N, available P, available K, pH value. [ Conelusion] The adequate nutrients in the soil of ginseng root zone under forest could be supplied and the content of different nutrient elements in the different layers of ginseng root zone was significantly different.