巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖场污染现状与环境管理对策

Pollution Status and Measures of Environmental Management of Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in Chaohu River Basin

[目的]调查巢湖流域的畜禽养殖业现状及其污染情况,提出应对措施。[方法]通过对巢湖市畜牧局的统计资料调查及对部分养殖小区的污染状况调查,分析了巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖业的污染现状,提出了相应的环境管理和防治对策。[结果]目前巢湖流域畜禽养殖业产生的各类污染物数量巨大。将调查所得巢湖流域各类畜禽的粪便均换算为猪粪当量,并根据畜禽日排泄量,推算出该流域全年畜禽粪便共达2 515.35万t,BOD为102.46万、tCOD为85.64万t,产生的氨氮达11.70万t。巢湖流域规模化养殖场数目较多(居巢区为133个)、养殖种类多、过于分散、规模化程度较小(以猪为例,平均为176头)。[结论]针对该流域畜禽养殖场污染问题提出几条适合巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖业的环境管理对策。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to investigate the status and pollution situation of livestock am] poultry breeding industry in Chaohu river basin, and put forward the corresponding measures. [ Method] Based on investigating the statistical data of Chaohu Animal Husbandry Bureau and pollution status of part breeding districts, the pollution status of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry in Chaohu river basin was analyzed and the corresponding environmental management and control measures were proposed. [ Result] Currently the quantity of various pollutants produced by large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry in Chaohu river basin was large. When the feces of all kinds of livestock and poultry investigated in Chaohu river basin were converted to the equated pig excrement, according to the day excretion of livestock and poultry, it was calculated that the annual quantity of total feces from livestoek and poultry in Chaohu river basin was 25. 153 5 million t, BOD was 1. 024 6 million t, COD was 856.4 thousand t, the produced ammonia nitrogen was up to 117 000 t. The number of largescale breeding farms of Chaoha river basin was comparatively larger （Juchao area was 133 ）, many breeding species, too scattered, quite small in scale（ taking pigs for example, the average number was 176 ）. [ Conclusion ] Aiming at the pollution problems in livestock and poultry breeding tarms in this river basin, some measures of enviromnental management suitable to large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry in Chaohu river basin were proposed.