膜上灌对河西绿洲灌区玉米全生育期土壤贮水量的影响

Effects of Film Hole Irrigation on Soil Water Storage in the Whole Growth Period of Maize in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Region

[目的]研究干旱条件下膜上灌对玉米地土壤贮水量的影响。[方法]以当地主栽玉米品种为试材，以露地畦灌为对照，采用不同宽度地膜覆盖进行膜上灌，通过对比分析研究了不同土层及不同生育期土壤贮水量的变化。[结果]0～120cm土层，处理Ⅰ（膜上灌处理覆膜宽度为0．75m）的土壤贮水量比播前降低了24．6％，处理Ⅱ（膜上灌处理覆膜宽度为1．25m）的土壤贮水量比播前降低了25．1％，对照的土壤贮水量比播前降低了33％。各生育期膜上灌处理和对照0～40cm土层的土壤贮水量低于40～80和80—120cm土层。40～80cm土层的土壤贮水量介于0～40和80～120cm．抽雄开花期，处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ的0～40cm土层的土壤贮水量分别比对照增加了7％和10．5％。在玉米成熟期，膜上灌处理的土壤贮水量高于对照。[结论]该研究为中国西部地区的灌溉农业的发展提供了理论支持.

[ Objective ] The purpose was to study the effects of film hole irrigation on soil water storage in maize field under drought condition. [ Method] With main maize cultivars of local place as tested materials and open air border irrigation as CK, the film hole irrigation treatments were carried out by plastic mulching with different widths. The changes of soil water storage in different soil layers and different growth periods were studied through comparison and analysis. [ Result] In 0 - 120 cm soil layer, compared with the soil water storage before sowing, the soil water storage of Treatment Ⅰ （film hole irrigation treatment with laminating width of 0. 75 m） was decreased by 24.6%, that of TreatmentⅡ （film hole irrigation treatment with laminating width of 1.25 m） was decreased by 25.1% and that of CK was decreased by 33%. The soil water storages in 0 -40 cm soil layer of film hole irrigation treatments and CK in various growth periods were lower than that in 40 - 80 and 80 - 120 cm soil layers. The soil water storage in 40 -80 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0 -40 cm soil layer and lower than that in 80 - 120 cm soil layers. In tasseling and flowering period, the soil water storages in 0 -40 cm soil layer of Treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱwere increased by 7% and 10.5% resp. in comparison with that of CK. In maturation period of maize, the soil water storages of film hole irrigation treatments were higher than that of CK. [ Conclusion] This study provided theoretical support for the development of irrigation agriculture in the west area of China.