俄罗斯养老保险制度改革及其对我国的启示

The Reformation of the Old-age Insurance System in Russia and Implication for China

俄罗斯养老保险制度是其经济社会制度的重要组成部分,该制度的完善,将对俄罗斯社会经济发展起到积极的促进作用,反之将成为社会经济发展的障碍。俄罗斯养老保险制度改革,经历了由延续苏联时期的现收现付制转变成符合俄罗斯国情的"三支柱"养老保险体系。俄罗斯"三支柱"养老保险体系有利有弊,但这种养老保险体系的形成和运行本身有重要的社会意义和作用,值得肯定。借鉴俄罗斯养老保险制度改革的经验可以给正在改革中的我国养老保险制度,特别是农村养老保险制度的形成和完善提供一个参考模式。

The old - age insurance system in Russia is an important part of its economic and social systems. The improvement of the system will play a positive promotional role to the Russian social and economic development, while the opposite will become a barrier to its social and economic development. The reform of the old - age insurance system in Russia has gone through the transformation from the cash - in - cash - out system during the Soviet Union period to the ＂three - pillar＂ old - age insurance system that conforms to the Russian situations now. The Russian ＂ three - pillar＂ old - age insurance system has both advantages and disadvantages. The formation and operation of this kind of old - age insurance system itself is of great social significance and function, so it is worth commending. It is of great realistic significance to refer to the reform experience of the Russian old - age insurance system to and provide a reference model for the old - age insurance system in the process of reformation in China, especially to the formation and improvement to the old - age insurance system of farmers, which account for 80% of the total population.