政统与道统——试析董仲舒阴阳五行说中“天”的双重旨归

Political Rule and Religious Rule:Double Meanings of the "Heaven" in Dong Zhong-shu's "Wuxing" Doctrine

秦汉时,"天"作为终极信仰被虔诚的信奉。董仲舒将"天"作为其阴阳五行说的最高范畴,借助"阴阳五行"沟通"天"与"人",进而"以类合之",推论出"天人一也"。在此基础上,董仲舒一方面宣扬"君权神授"的"忠君"理念,为其大一统理论张目;一方面又旨在宣扬儒家的王道主张,为其施行保驾护航。如此,董仲舒将政统与道统这双重的政治旨归均在"天"的名义下得以展开。

In the Qin and Han Dynasty, the Heaven was adored as the highest conviction. Dong Zhong -shu reasoned out the philosophical concept of the union between Heaven and human being this way： he assumed that the Heaven is the top category in the doetrine ＂Wuxing＂ through which the Heaven and human being can be connected and communicate and then they integrate into One. （ Note： According to ancient Chinese philosophy, the nature is driven by the polar co - power of the Yang / Solar system and the Yin / Lunar system in which exists such five elements named ＂Wuxing＂ as Shui / Water, Mu / Wood, Jin / Metal, Huo / Fire and Tu / Soil. ） On the basis of this philosophical concept, on the one hand, Dong blazoned forth the idea of loyalty to monarch whose power is gifted by God to support his ＂Unification Theory＂ ;on the other hand, he publicized the theory of kaiserdom stressed in the Confucianism to guarantee its enforcement. On behalf of the ＂Heaven＂, the kingship was gifted to the double meanings of the political rule and the religious rule.