试论“有+单音节动素”式动词

A Discussion of the Verb Structure of"You(有)+Monosyllabic Morpheme"

"有+单音节动素"式动词是一类尚未充分研究过的动词,这种形式古已有之,在不同的阶段先后凝固成词,另外也有一些新生词。这类动词中的"有"性质并不单一,有的是比较典型的词缀,有的则是实义动素,也有的介于虚实之间;"有"的功能也是多样的,主要有补足、窄化和改造等功能。通过与相对应同义词的比较,可以看出这类动词用法比较单一,使用范围也有很大的限制,它的特点是非动作性、表示已然、弱组合性等。

The verb structure of ＂you ＋ monosyllabic morpheme＂ has not been studied substantially despite the fact that it has a long history in Chinese language. In its development, it has been solidified into words over the time and is also forming new words. ＂You＂ in this sort of verb structure is not single in nature： some are typical affixes, some are meaningful morphemes and some are between meaningful and meaningless. The function of ＂you＂ is varied, generally being used to complement, narrow or alter meaning. By comparing this structure with its corresponding verb, it is found that this verb structure is very limited in usage due to its single function. The characteristics of such verb structure are non-action ,weak combination ability and expressing having done or been.