汉语的性状义名词及相关问题

Adjectival Nouns in Chinese Language and Some Related Issues

性状是形容词属性,汉语中的"性状义名词"用于"有/没有"之后也表性状义。性状义名词可根据句法和语义特点分为强性状义名词和弱性状义名词两类,它们共同的认知基础就是把社会平均值作为计量起点,从而有别于以零起点计量的非性状义名词。两类性状义名词在量度标准的使用上不仅存在主观性强弱的差异,而且存在着眼点的不同,因而形成了一系列句法和语义的差别。本文运用原型理论解释了强性状义名词向形容词的功能游移与词性变化现象,指出名词性状义的存在是名词功能游移和词性转变过程中的桥梁。

Properties is the attribute of adjectives in many languages, but in Chinese language many nouns also have the attribute of adjectives when used after the possessive verb ＂you/rneiyou （有/没有） ＂. In this paper, such nouns are named as adjectival nouns. According to its syntax and semantic features, they can be divided into two categories： strong adjectival nouns and weak adjectival nouns. Their common ground of cognition is that its takes the average value of the society as its starting point of estimation and consequently they are distinguished from the general nouns which take the zero as its starting point of estimation. Strong adjectival nouns and weak adjectival nouns are different not only in their subjectivity in using estimation criterions but also in their focus, which result in a series of syntax and semantic differences. Using the Prototype theory, the paper attempts to account for the phenomenon of functional shifting and change of strong adjectival nouns to adjectives and identifies the cone function of adjectival nouns in the process.