论权义复合型宪法规范的矛盾与改革方向——以工作权和受教育权为例

On the Contradiction of a Composite Model of the Rights and Duties in Constitutional Provisions and its Reformation——Taking the Right of Work and the Right to Education for Example

许多国家(包括中国)在宪法中对工作权和受教育权采用权义复合型的规范模式,这两类权利同时被规定为公民的基本义务。这种宪法规范受到了传统国家主义和计划经济思想的影响,违背了法治的基本理念。复合型宪法规范本身存在诸多矛盾,造成宪法规范逻辑上的混乱、执法与司法的困难、法律义务与道德义务属性上的模糊,因而不符合法治的要求,不利于人权的保障。复合型宪法规范改革的方向是实行权利义务的分立。

n many constitutions, including china＇s, the fight to work and the fight to education are prescribed in a com- posite model, which means these rights are duties synchronously. Effected by traditional nationalism and planned economy thoughts, these constitutional provisions have deviated from the basic ideas of the rule of law. The composite constitutional provisions have many contraventions, which cause the difficulty of execution and appliance of law, the blur between the law duty and moral duty. In order to enhance protection of human rights, the composite law provisions should be divided into the two parts of fights and duties.