美国“情报引导警务”的Compstat模式述评——兼与社区警务模式相比较

A Review of Compstat Model of Intelligence-Led Policing in U.S.A——And a Comparison with the Community Policing

Compstat模式创建于美国纽约市警察局,自问世以来无异于在美国警界掀起了一场警务革命。相对于社区警务模式中注重微小问题解决以及加强警民之间亲密关系的做法,Compstat模式更注重警方在打击犯罪和维护治安方面的成效。这种以准确及时的情报作为基础的"情报引导警务"模式,带来了犯罪率的显著下降和管理绩效的有效提升,也使得这种模式超越了警务事业的范畴,在政府的其他部门管理中扮演着重要角色。从Compstat模式的起源、创建理念、构成原则、构成要素及应用现状等层面对这种模式加以评述,以期探讨这一模式在现代警务工作中的作用。

Compstat model has raised a revolution in the policing field of U. S. A. since it was founded in the NYPD. Compared with the way of paying attention to solving minor problems and strengthening the close relation- ship between the police and the public in community policing, Compstat model pays more attention to the effect of combating crime and keeping the public order. The model, which is based on accurate and timely intelligence, has driven down crime rate obviously and improved management performance effectively. Compstat model now has sur- passed the field of policing and is playing an important role in the management of other government departments. This article will review the model from the aspects of origin, idea, principles and elements in order to discuss its functions in modern policing.