基于洛伦兹曲线的全国城市土地利用现状抽样分析

Sampling Analysis of National Urban Land Use Status Based on Lorentz Curves

研究目的:分析中国城镇土地利用现状主要指标的聚集特征并评判其合理性,为国家制定宏观层次的城市土地利用调控政策提供依据。研究方法:以2007年全国城镇地籍调查汇总数据为基础,按照分层抽样方法选取55个市(区)级、168个县级汇总单元作为分析单元,用洛伦兹曲线及基尼系数进行抽样城市城镇土地利用现状的聚集特征研究,并结合相关标准进行合理性评价。研究结果:(1)市级单元5类主体用地分布均衡,县级单元用地结构分布离散度较大;(2)所有抽样单元的土地利用强度和人均用地指标分布较为均衡;(3)抽样单元相关指标的众数水平与《城镇用地分类与规划建设用地标准》的规定相近,但众数单元比例和合格单元比例较低。研究结论:(1)城市用地结构的稳定性与城市发育程度正相关;(2)中国大多数城市建设用地规划亟待加强;(3)现行《城镇用地分类与规划建设用地标准》需细化修订。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the agglomeration characteristics of main indexes that reflect land use status, and further assess the status so as to provide scientific evidences for the reform of national macro regulations of urban land use. Method employed to find the agglomeration characteristics of urban land use status is via Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient based on a data set sampled from 55 cities （districts） and 168 counties, which are collected in the national urban cadastral survey in 2007. The results indicated that： （1）the 5 main types of land on city level is distributed proportionately, while that of the county level shows more discrete; （2）intensity of land use and the amount of land use per capita from entire sampling units are comparatively well balanced;（3）the mode of the examined indexes of the sampling units is close to the national standard, but the proportions of the mode units and qualified units are comparatively low. It is concluded that： （1）there exists positive correlation between the stability of urban land usestructure and the growth level of the city;（2）urban land use planning should be strengthen in most of Chinese cities; （3）Standards of Urban Land Classification and Planning for Construction should be revised.