江西大岗山常绿阔叶林群落特征研究

A Study on the Community Characteristics of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Dagangshan Mountains of Jiangxi Province

基于对25个样地,共计13.6 hm2面积调查资料的基础上,对江西大岗山常绿阔叶林群落的种类组成、外貌、水平结构、垂直结构和乔木层物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:群落内有维管植物273种,隶属于89科178属,其中单种属占总属数的76.4%;地理成分复杂,以热带、亚热带成分占优势;包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占总种数的86.29%。构成群落乔木层的22种主要树种都属聚集分布,群落层次结构比较复杂,分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,乔木层可分为3个亚层。4种多样性指数在群落梯度上的分布趋势基本一致:常绿阔叶林>半常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>毛竹林;物种多样性随海拔高度分布规律为中海拔最高,低海拔次之,高海拔最低;物种多样性指数在纬度梯度上符合从高纬度到低纬度升高的规律。

Based on the survey at 25 sample sites with total area of 13.6 hm^2, the species composition, physiognomy, species diversity and spatial structure of evergreen broad - leaved forest community in Dagangshan were analyzed. The community is composed of 273 vascular plant species belonging to 89 families and 178 genera. 76.4 percent of the genera contain only single species. The geographic composition of it is complex which mainly includes tropical and sub - tropical zones. The phanerophytes including the vines take 86.29 percent of the total. The distribution pattern of the 22 major species constituting the community tree layer is gathered. The 4 indexes （ richness, diversity and evenness） of species diversity are basically same in the elevation gradient distribution ： evergreen broad - leaved forest 〉 evergreen and deciduous broad - leaved forest 〉 coniferous - broad mixed forest 〉 phyllostachys pubescens forest. Four kinds of diversity index with elevationchanges is of basic agreement, highest in middle altitude, followed by the low altitude, and lowest in high altidude. Species diversity index changes at latitude gradient accord with the law, that is, increasing from the high latitude to the low -latitude.