我国城市灾害风险应对现状及对策研究

The Deficiencies in Urban Disaster Risk Control in China and Its Countermeasures

阐述了城市灾害的分类;从城市灾害预防与控制,应急反应与救援等方面分析我国在城市灾害风险控制与应对上的不足;提出8个方面的对策。该对策研究包括:建立城市安全规划、风险防范和危机管理法律体系;实施城市防灾减灾规划并融入城市规划中;完善城市灾害风险决策支持系统和信息管理系统;实行安全规划风险评价机制;加快防灾减灾综合管理机构建设;建立科学、完善的应急救援体系;加强安全教育和防灾减灾宣传;加强城市安全科学研究与交流。该研究结果对如何提高我国城市灾害风险预防与控制能力及应急救援水平具有重要的借鉴和指导作用。

Firstly, the categories of urban disasters are described. Then, the deficiencies in risk control of urban disasters in China are analyzed from urban disaster prevention and control as well as emergency response and rescue. Finally, the countermeasures for risk control of urban disasters are presented from 8 aspects, including establishing a unionized legal system of urban safety planning, risk prevention and control, and crisis management ; implementing urban plan of disaster prevention and reduction and incor- porating into urban planning; perfecting the decision-supporting system and information management system for urban disaster risk; carrying on risk assessment mechanism in safety planning; speeding the construction of integrated management organization for disaster prevention ; establishing a scientific and perfect emergency rescue system; intensifying safety education and propagand of disaster prevention and reduc- tion; and strengthening the research and exchange in urban safety science. The study achievements can provide a great reference for the risk prevention and control of urban disasters as well as emergency rescue.