论黄宗羲的科学启蒙思想

On Huang Zong-xi's scientific enlightenment

黄宗羲不仅提出了震聋发聩的早期民主启蒙思想,而且形成了具有近代科学因子的科学启蒙思想。他对科学的倡导,是针对明末科举之弊而发的,同时还与经世致用的实学思潮与家学渊源、"儒通天地人"的人格需求和心理合一的认识论密不可分。通过对自然科学的倡导和践履,黄宗羲构建出明真求实、借数明理、学贵适用、怀疑批判、会通中西的科学思想体系,显示出与中古科学传统迥然不同的风貌,但哲学思想上的局限性在一定程度上阻碍了黄宗羲复兴"绝学"的宏伟抱负,最终滑向了"求之于心"的心学归宿。

Huang Zong-xi not only had early domestic and enlightening thought,but also made modern scientific enlightenment.Firstly his advocacy of science is for the prevalence of the defects of the Imperial Examination in the end of Ming Dynasty,but also with the practical real-world learning ideas and family background,Confucianism which focuses on knowing about heaven,earth and people and the unity of personality and psychological needs of the epistemology inseparable.Huang＇s scientific thought differed from the old traditional ones in the following aspects： attention to practical measure and practical evidence,mathematics is the most useful tool for human being to explore the secrets of nature,attention to practical use,suspection and criticism,contradiction on whether Chinese benefited from the west or on the contrary.However he owed all his thoughts to be from his heart,which blocked his further development in science.