4Groszmann R J, Garcia Tsal G, Bosch J,et al. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005,353 (21) : 2254-2261.
5Ue Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno Ⅳ consensus worksbop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension[J]. Hepatol,2005,43(1):167-176.
6Garciatsao G,Sanyal AJ,Grace ND,et al. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis[J]. Hepatologs, 2007,46 (3): 922 -938.
7D'Amico G,Pagharo L,Bosch J. Pharmacological treatment of portal hypevtension: an evrdence-based approach[J]. Semin Liver Dis, 1999, 19(4) :475-505.
8Lay CS, Tsai YT,Lee FY,et al. Endoscopic variceal ligation versus propranolol in prophylaxis of first vavice~l bleeding in patients with ceirrhosis[J]. J Gastroentevol Hepatol, 2006,21 ( 2 ) : 413-419.
9Bernard B,Grange JD,Khae EN,et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding:a meta analysis[J]. Hepatology, 1999,29(6): 1655-1661.
10D'Amico G.,Pietrosi G,Tarantino I,et al. Emergeney selerotherapy Versus vasoactive drugs for variceal bleeding in eirrhosis:a coehrane meta analysis[J]. Gastroenterology,2003,124(5) : 1277-1291.
5Cello JP, Ring EJ, Olcott EW, et al.Endoscopic sclerotherapy compared with percutaneous transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt after initial sclerotherapy in patients with acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med ,1
6Jalan R, Forrest EH, Stanley AJ, et al.A randomized trial comparing trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt with variceal band ligation in the prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices. Hepatology ,1997,26: 1115-1122.
7Sanyal AJ, Freedman AM, Luketic VA, et al.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts compared with endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med ,1997, 126: 849-857.
8Sauer P, Theilmann L, Herrmann S, et al.Phenprocoumon for prevention of shunt occlusion after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt: a randomized trial. Hepatology, 1996,24: 1433-1436.
9Garcia-Villarreal L, Martinez-Lagares F, Sierra A, et al.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding after recent variceal hemorrhage. Hepatology, 1999, 29: 27-32.
10Deschenes M, Dufresne MP, Bui B, et al.Predictors of clinical response to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999,94: 1361-1365.
2SAEED ZA. The Saeed Six -Shooter: a prospective study of a new endoscopic multiple rubber-band ligator for the treatment of varices [J]. Endoscopy, 1996, 28 (7) :559-564.
3CHENG LF, WANG ZQ, LI CZ, et al. Low incidence of eom- pli cations from endoscopic gastric varieeal obturation with butyl cyanoacryiate[J].Clin GastroenteroL Hepatol, 2010, 8 (9) : 760-766.
4Aabakken L. Endoscopic haemostasis [J]. Best Praet Res Clin Gastroentorol, 2008, 2 (5) :899-927.
5Jiannis V, Anastasios K, Christos T, et al. The effect of soma- tostatin versus octreotide in preventing the post-endoscopic in- crease of HVPG in cirrhotics with bleeding variees[J]. Aliment Pharmacot Ther, 2007 Oct 6.
