共同体与道德——试析麦金太尔对共同体伦理传统的追求

Community and Morality:on Macintyre's Pursuit of Community Tradition

本尼迪克特创立的本笃会使得希腊罗马文化以及亚里士多德的共同体伦理传统在罗马帝国末期的社会混乱中得以保留和延续,这让麦金太尔看到了重建道德共同体以回复亚里士多德传统的可能与希望。麦金太尔认为,若想摆脱现代西方道德领域存在的混乱与无序状态,只能放弃自由个人主义,回归亚里士多德的共同体传统。从本尼迪克特那里,麦金太尔看到了危机状况下保留和延续亚里士多德传统的希望,但对于在当今时代回复亚里士多德传统之可能性这一问题,麦金太尔并非持乐观态度;麦金太尔深知自由主义传统在西方社会之根深蒂固,也深知其理论实现之艰难。但麦金太尔从社群主义角度出发对自由主义的修正和批判有着重要的理论和现实意义。

By analyzing the history of Christian abbey,the essay wants to illustrate that the Order of St.Benedict,set up by St.Benedict,made tradition of Aristotle in Greek and Roman culture and community preserved and continued in the war period;this convinced Macintyre that it is possible to reconstruct community and revive Aristotlian tradition.Macintyre asserted that only through abandoning the liberal individualism and reviving the community tradition of Aristotle,can western civilization solve the confusions in contemporary moral field.Benedict's success in preservation and continuing the community tradition made Macintyre believe in the possibility of reviving Aristotlian tradition;while as to the actuality of reviving it in the contemporary society,Macintyre isn't optimistic at all;Macintyre knows the deep root of liberalism in western world and the difficulty in realizing his theory.But Macintyre's critique to liberalism from the standpoint of communitarianism is important.