清末以来江南城市的生活用水与霍乱

Drinking Water Supply and Cholera in Jiangnan Cities since the Late Qing Dynasty

1820年霍乱传入江南之后,城市污染的市河遂成为一严重的疾病问题。清末民国年间,在大城市,大量土井和外来人口的存在,使得饮用和使用不洁水源的现象,仍然存在,故霍乱感染人数,仍然相当多。在中小城市,由于生活用水主要依赖江河和井水,也有比较高的感染率。但在某些水流速度较快、水质清洁的小市镇,其感染率则较低。

Cholera first intruded Jiangnan in 1820,and then,the polluted urban river became a severe disease problem.During the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the problem about drinking polluted water still existed due to a great many shallow wells and floating population in big cities.In those middle-scale and smaller cities,there was high incidence of cholera because of drinking polluted water in the rivers.However,in some small towns where river-water flowed faster and water quality was cleaner,the infection rate was lower.