地域文化史研究的人类学路径--倾向于江南的案例

An Anthropological Approach to the History of Regional Cultures——A Case Study of Southeastern China

人类学的独特思路可以导向地域文化研究的纵深发展。地域文化史应加强动态生活的呈现,毅然告别传统的脱离生活结构的习俗史,迈向生活领域;人类学的整体视野提醒人们特别关注地域社会内部各种不同类型的社群世界,向笼统的"中国社会"或"地域社会"概念提出挑战;人类学赋予社会结构中的任何劳动者以一席之地,要求地域文化观察重视作为民间文化持有者的普通百姓;人类学中习见的口头艺术形式,常常以文献与口头两种形态存留下来,成为地域文化研究的独特素材。值得注意的是,只有立足学科本位的地域文化史研究,才不至于在对他学科的借鉴中迷失自我。

The unique way of thinking in anthropology may push the development of the study of regional cultures both in width and depth. The history of regional cultures should resolutely lay more emphasis on the display of dynamic life, or rather, determinedly move towards daily life field, instead of divorcing itself from life structure as in the traditional way of the study of customs. The holistic view of anthropology reminds people to pay special attention to the community of a variety of different social groups within a regional society, challenging the vague general concept of Chinese society or regional society. Anthropology gives a place to every working man in a social structure, maintaining that the survey of regional cultures should focalize on the common people-the real-life current possessors of the folk culture. Literature and oral expression, which have become unique materials for the study of regional cultures, are the two most frequent forms of oral art alive in anthropology. It is worth noting that the study of regional cultures will lose itself in the course of drawing lessons from other disciplines unless it is discipline-based itself.