纳米材料的环境行为与生物毒性

Environmental behavior and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials

随着纳米科技迅猛发展,越来越多的人开始关注并研究纳米材料的环境行为和生物毒性.本文概括地介绍了纳米材料的排放途径和可能发生的环境行为,重点分析了纳米材料与环境中共存物质的复合行为;综述了碳纳米材料、金属及氧化物纳米材料、量子点等对细胞、细菌、水生生物、陆生生物等的毒性效应,阐述了当前对纳米材料致毒机理的有关争论;最后,展望了纳米材料环境行为和生物毒性领域的研究方向.

With rapid development and application of nanotechnology, there is an increasing concern over the environmental fate, behavior, toxicity, exposure and risk of engineered nanomaterials （ENMS）. In this review, we presented the release pathways of ENMS into the environment and their potential environmental behavior with a focus on the suspension and aggregation of ENMS and their interactions with dissolved organic matter and contaminants. In addition, toxicity of several types of engineered ENMS to various organisms was discussed. Then, we concluded with the future research perspectives of engineered ENMS.