论逻辑的文化相对性——从民族志和历史学的观点看

Treatise on the Culture-Based Relativity of Logic——From the Perspective of Ethnography and History

广义论证概念扩大了逻辑家族成员,使之包括现代文化之外其他文化的逻辑。对阿赞得人(Azande)的田野考察报告,以及中国古代逻辑和佛教逻辑的研究成果,从描述的角度为"逻辑相对于文化"这一命题提供事实根据;采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性;借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性;通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。上述研究方法和结论可拓展到人文学科、社会科学等其他学科领域。

Meta-argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures in addition to modern culture. Based on the field work among the Azande and the analysis of ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism,this paper attempts to provide factual information for the argument for the 'culture-based relativity of logic' in a descriptive way. Taking the deductive method as the classical research method,this paper argues for the existence of the culture-based relativity of logic in modern culture and other cultures. The validity of this argument is based on the findings of ethnographic as well as historical studies. This paper also seeks to prove by studying the interactions between different languages and ways of life that the classical research method was also built on cultural relativity. The afore-mentioned research method and findings may well be applicable to the humanities as well to social science areas.