北宋“险怪”文风:古文运动的另一翼

The Strange Style of Writing:Another Side of the Classical Prose Movement in Ancient China

唐宋古文运动的相关史料中,以否定的记录立场呈现了一个"怪文"的系谱:从中唐古文的奇崛文风,到北宋前期的一批偏激的古文家,然后是景祐"变体"、庆历"太学新体"、嘉祐"太学体"一脉,再续之以熙宁后的"经义"文。此种"险怪"文风长期存在的社会基础,在于科举士大夫阶层的兴起与科举考试内容之间的矛盾,并结合思想史上"庆历之际,学统四起"以及宋代新儒学向"性命之学"发展的趋向,重新审视"怪文"承载激进思想的历史意义。再通过宋代的主流思想家对欧阳修"晚年文衰"的批评,考察古文与新儒学先合后分的关系,从而获得对于古文运动较为全面的认识。

Some works on the classical prose movement in the Tang and Song dynasties have painted the 'strange style of writing' in a negative light. This style covers the strange writing style of the mid-Tang era and,in the Song dynasty,the radical style of the early Song,the variant of this style in the Jingyou reign period,the new writing style of the Imperial College during the Qingli reign period,the Imperial College during the Jiayou reign period,and then the so-called jing yi (Confucian classics argumentation) during the Xining reign period. This paper attempts to explore and prove that the reasons for the existence of this strange style of writing lay in the conflict between the rising literati group and the subjects of the imperial examinations. We also seek to explore the implications of the radical thought associated with this style of writing by incorporating the rise of different schools of thought during the Qingli era and analyzing the development of Neo-Confucianism. We further attempt to explore the relationship between ancient prose and Neo-Confucianism by analyzing mainstream thinkers' criticism of the decline of prose of Ouyang Xiu. In generally,we hope to provide a well-rounded picture of the classical prose movement.