影响跑步经济性的人体下肢肌肉做功研究

The Impact of the Lower Limbs Muscle Work on Running Economy

探索人体下肢肌肉做功对跑步经济性的影响,选择受过良好训练且水平在一级左右的男子中长跑运动员15人。根据V.O2max相对值及800m运动成绩,最终确定7人为研究对象。研究发现,在摆动和支撑阶段,臀大肌的做功排名与RE呈负相关(r=-0.89,P<0.01);表征摆动阶段的腓肠肌外侧和腓肠肌内侧以及支撑阶段的股直肌、股外侧肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌外侧等肌肉做功的主成分与RE呈负相关性(r=-0.80,P<0.05)。研究表明,提高运动员在拉长-缩短周期(SSC)的做功能力可以有效地改善运动员的跑步经济性。建议对中长跑运动员在训练过程中尝试穿插爆发性力量训练,从而通过改善SSC的做功效率来提高运动员的跑步经济性。

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the lower limbs muscle work on running economy. Based on the 800m results and the VO2 rnax, this paper selects 7 highly homogeneous runners from the 15 highly trained runners as the subjects. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was highly significant between the running economy and the work done by the Gluteus maxirnus （ r = - 0. 89, P〈0.01 ）. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient was significant between the running economy and the principle components which was influenced by the gastrocnemius in swing stage and the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior in stance stage （r=- 0. 80, P〈0. 05 ）. We concluded that the more efficient work done by the lower limbs during the stretch shortening cycle, the more economy the runner was. It suggested that the explosive strength training can be used in the middle and long distance running in order to promote the running economy by improving the SSC work efficiency.