甘蓝型油菜白花性状的遗传学研究和白花胞质雄性不育系的选育

Genetic Studies of White Petals and Selection of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line with White Petals in Brassica napus L.

叙述了甘蓝型油菜白花性状的遗传研究和白花胞质不育系的选育。采用白花突变体与黄花品系杂交和回交研究白花性状的遗传,利用白花品系G95150与白花不育突变体测交,选育白花胞质不育系7600A。结果表明,白花对黄花由一对不完全显性基因控制。7600A在农艺性状上与其保持系G95150完全一致:叶色浓绿,植株较矮(163.5cm)、生育期较长(243天)、抗寒能力较差(冻害率100%,冻害指数33.8)。7600A花色纯白、花瓣皱缩、花药小、低温存在微量花粉。G95150和7600A的芥酸含量为0.8854%,硫甙含量70.5461μmol/g。7600A与1141A胞质不育系的恢保关系不完全一致,是一种新型甘蓝型白花胞质不育系。因此,白花性状受一对共显性基因控制,可用于选育白花品种和白花胞质不育系和鉴别真假品种。

Genetic studies of white petals and selection of cytoplasmic male sterile line with white petals were described in this paper. In order to study genetic law of white petals, line G95150 with white petals was crossed with normal line with yellow petals and their progeny were backcrossed with their parents. For the purpose of selecting cytoplasmic male sterile line 9600 A with white petals, cytoplasmic male sterile mutant with white petals was crossed with line G95150. Results indicated that white petals were controlled by one pair co-dominant gene. 7600A had the same agronomic characters with its maintainer G95150. Their leaves were dark green and their plant height were slightly short （163.5 cm）. Their growth periods were slightly long （243 days）. They were susceptible to cold injury （cold injury rate was 100% and cold injury index was 33.8）. Their petals were purely white. 7600A had wrinkled petals and small wrinkled anthers. There were a few spores in 7600 A anthers when temperature was low. G95150 and 7600 A had low erucic acid content （0.8854 %）, but their glucosinolate contents were high （70.5461 μmol/g）. 7600 A was a novel cytoplasmic male sterile line with white petals because it had different maintainers and restorers with 1141 A. Therefore, white petals were controlled by a pair of co-dominant genes. Varieties and cytoplasmic male sterile lines with white petals could be selected and used in rapeseed production and detecting true hybrids and varieties.