川贝母开花动态及授粉习性研究

Floral dynamic and pollination habit of Fritillaria cirrhosa

目的：了解川贝母有性繁殖特性，为川贝母集约化良种繁育及品种选育奠定基础。方法：观测川贝母单花开花动态及雌、雄蕊发育过程；采用分期授粉方式与套袋实验测定柱头熟性和自然异交率。结果与结论：川贝母单花从现蕾至开花结束约需12d；花药散粉方式为纵裂式，散粉时间2～4d；雌蕊先成熟，中蕾期开花第3天柱头均有可授性，最佳授粉时期为花开放第2～3天；自然异交率为81．9％，属典型异花授粉植物。

Objective：To find the sexual reproduction characteristics and improve the seed propagation and new variety breed- ing of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Method： Flower, anther and pistil development were observed. Pollinating in different development period and bagging were used to measure stigma maturity situation and natural outcrossing rate. Results and Conclusion： It took 12 days from floral bud emergency to finished flowering. It was observed that anther opened in longitudinal direction and pollen was ejected for 2-4 days continuously. Pistil matured earlier,and chapiter could be fertilized from middle bud stage the third day after flowering, but the most suitable time was 2-3 day after the corolla opening. The natural outcrossing rate was 81.9%. F. cirrhosa is a typical xenial plant.