卢瑟福散射的计算机模拟

THE COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RUTHERFORD SCATTERING

计算机模拟是现代科学常用的一种方法。本文介绍了用计算机模拟卢瑟福散射实验的方法,给出了模拟程序和实验结果,提供了用计算机对实验数据进行处理的方法。这是为物理系学生二年级开设选修实验所编,它采用图象动态显示,模拟出卢瑟福散射实验中每个粒子入射及散射的行为情况,用微机统计了实验结果,处理了实验数据,并绘出了各种关系曲线,提供了明了的物理图象,使学生形象地了解这一闻名于世的实验,并学会用计算机模拟物理实验的方法。本文也可使学生学会使用实验数据的有效处理方法:最小二乘法,并了解计算机的有关知识。

Comper simulation, which has been proved an effective approach to problem solving, has been widely used in modern science. In this paer, with the help of the computer, the methods of simulating the Rutherford Scattering experiment are introduced. The method of data processing is also given here. The simulation can pictorially show the incident and scattering movement of every particle. By the use of the computer, we have obtained and processed the statistics of the experiment and various relevant curves. The simulation also shows physical graphs clearly, and lets college and senior school students easily understand the famous experiment. Meanwhile, this paper can also help students to learn one of the effective methods for processing data, which is called the 'Least Square Method', and also gives them knowledge about computers.