免疫渗滤法实验中非特异性染色封闭方法的改进

An optimal blocking strategy for non-specific staining in immuno-infiltration assay

目的选择理想的非特异性抗原封闭方法以适应基于免疫渗滤法的蛋白芯片制备。方法以杆状病毒-昆虫表达系统制备的人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)L1蛋白抗原为例,采用脱脂奶粉、小牛血清、牛血清白蛋白及不同组合等5种方法对非特异性抗原进行封闭,检测其在免疫渗滤实验中对消除非特异性染色的效果,寻找最佳封闭非特异性染色的方法。结果经过多次重复试验,并以PBS代替血清作空白试验,结果显示,目前常用的先固相然后封闭的几种方法,其封闭效果的稳定性和重复性不佳,且空白对照易出现假阳性;同时发现使用脱脂奶粉做封闭剂封闭后,由于奶粉颗粒易堵塞NC膜的孔径,影响NC膜的渗滤速度;使用小牛血清做封闭剂封闭后,由于NC膜对小牛血清的吸附而产生背景,影响结果判读;而采用20 g/L BSA先封闭后固相的方法,在实验中得到满意的结果。结论先封闭后固相的方法,在免疫渗滤实验中对非特异性抗原封闭的效果理想、结果稳定、重复性好,为一种理想的新的封闭方法。

Objective To select an optimal non-specific antigen blocking method by using immuno-infiltration assay so as to suit protein chip preparation. Methods Human papillomavirus type 16 L1 protein expressed by insect-baculovirus espressin system was incubated with skimmed milk powder, calf serum, bovine serum albumin （BSA） combinations of five kinds of methods to block the non-specific antigen. PBS was used as control. The effect of eliminating non-specific stain was detected by immuno-infiltration assay. Results After repeated tests, the results showed that the stability and repeatability of blocking effects were poor for the fixing up antigen first and then blocking method, and the blank control was prone to false positive. The infiltration rate of NC membrane would be affected by using skimmed milk powder as a blocking agent because the pore of NC membrane was easily plugged by milk powder particles. The use of calf serum as a blocking agent made it very difficult to determine the result because the calf serum absorbed by NC membrane produced the background; however, when 20 g/L BSA was used to blocking before fixing up antibody, the results became satisfactory. Conclusion Fixing up antibody after blocking in immuno-infiltration assay showed that the blocking effect against non-specific antigen was satisfactory, stable and repeatable, indicating this method is a novel optimal blocking method compared with others.