山东省护理本科男生心理健康状况调查研究

Investigation on mental health of male nursing undergraduates in Shandong province

目的了解护理本科男生（以下简称男生）的心理健康状况及其影响因素,探讨增进其心理健康的对策,以便为男生的心理咨询和心理保健提供依据,促进其身心健康发展。方法采取整群抽样的方法,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查山东省3所大学护理学院男生221名;同时抽取护理学院女生200名,其他专业男生200名作为对照组。结果在男生存在的主要心理问题中,人际敏感的阳性检出率最高（18.55%）,其次为抑郁（13.12%）、焦虑（8.14%）。男生SCL-90各因子除恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子外,其他各因子均分都高于全国青年组;SCL-90各因子除偏执、精神病性因子外,其他各因子均显著高于女生;SCL-90各因子在躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑因子上得分显著高于其他专业男生,而在敌对因子上得分低于其他专业男生,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。男生心理健康问题受到多种因素影响。结论男生存在的心理问题较多,高校教育工作者应认识到对其身心造成不良影响的因素,以便有针对性地采取措施,提高他们的心理素质和社会、职业适应能力,使其身心健康地成长,成为护理事业合格的后备力量。

Objective To investigate mental health of male nursing undergraduates,in order to provide a guidance for finding and preventing psychological problems earlier. Methods By the cluster sampling,221 male nursing students,200 female nursing undergraduates and 200 other professional male students were selected from three medical universities in Shandong province. A background questionnaire was used to collect demographic information,and the Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）was used to examine the levels of psychological well-being. Results The main psychological problems of male nursing students were as follows,interpersonal sensitivity （18.55%）,depression （13.12%）,and anxiety （8.14%）. Compared to the norm of national youth group,SCL-90 factors scores of male nursing students were significantly higher except terror,paranoia,mental illness （P〈 0.01）; except paranoid,psychotic factors,SCL-90 other factors scores were significantly higher than those of female （P〈0.01）; SCL-90 factors in somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety factor scores were significantly higher than other professional male students in heahh,while hostilities factor on male nursing students scored lower than other professions （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Male nursing students exist many psychological problems,so teachers should recognize the adverse effects by the source of these pressures and take targeted measures to alleviate students＇ pressure,in order to improve their psychological well-being,social and occupational adaptabilities.