家庭功能对青少年疏离感的影响:有调节的中介效应

Effect of Family Functioning on Adolescents' Alienation:Moderated Mediating Effect

采用问卷法调查了608名初一至高二城市青少年,通过结构方程模型探讨了青少年疏离感与家庭社会经济地位、家庭功能和同伴接纳的关系。结果发现:(1)青少年疏离感年龄段差异显著,高中生的疏离感显著高于初中生;(2)青少年疏离感的三个维度之间存在显著差异。其中环境疏离感最高,其次是社会疏离感,人际疏离感最低;(3)家庭功能在家庭社会经济地位与青少年疏离感之间起完全中介作用,这一中介作用的实现受到同伴接纳的调节,即家庭功能对青少年疏离感的影响是有调节的中介效应。

Alienation is a negative emotional state,reflecting individual impotence in dealing with others and establishing an effective bond with social groups,such as among family,classmates and peers. While modest alienation is good for psycho-social development,high levels of alienation may negatively impact development. Adolescence is a period of heightened risk for high levels of alienation. Research on the relationship between the family environment and peer relations revealed that higher conflicts among numbers of family as well as weak or unhealthy family functioning could lead to adolescents feeling alienated from their parents and resisting inclusion in their family. Those who scored high on the alienation scale usually lived in a troubled family,where family members experienced a lack of close relationships and self-control,and were unable to adapt to social experiences properly. However,peer groups are another necessary micro-system that play an important role in adolescents psychological social development. Good peer relations can provide adolescents with valuable information and feelings of support; and positive peer acceptance can help alienated adolescents alleviate the sense of stress and anxiety. But neither family environment nor peer acceptance can affect adolescents＇ alienation on its own. Research is needed to examine the interaction between the effects of the family environment and peer acceptance. The majority of research on adolescent alienation has been conducted in Western cultures,and information on how contemporary Chinese adolescents experience alienation is still limited. In the past two decades,China has experienced profound transformations; rapid social and economic development has changed the family structure through socioeconomic status and general family functioning. It is thus necessary to explore the alienation characteristics of Chinese adolescents from a systemic perspective,and to find the interaction mechanisms of family functioning and peer acceptance. The present study investigated the effect of family socioeconomic status,family functioning,and peer acceptance on adolescents＇ feelings of alienation in contemporary China. The Adolescent Alienation Scale,Family Function Scale,Family SES measure and Peer Nomination survey were administered to 608 adolescents （317 boys and 291 girls） attending junior and senior high school in Jinan City,Shandong Province,using Structural Equation Model Analysis. Results were as follows：（1） There was a significant difference between school-age stages; senior high school students reported higher alienation than students from junior high school. （2） A significant difference was found among three dimensions of adolescents＇ alienation; environmental alienation was highest,followed by social alienation,and interpersonal alienation being the lowest. （3） Family functioning could fully mediate the relationship between family socioeconomic status and adolescent alienation. That is,parents＇ education level,their professions,and the family＇s income could affect adolescents＇ alienation through influencing family functioning. However,the mediating effect of family functioning was moderated by peer acceptance. High peer acceptance could actually protect adolescents who were in a family with poor functioning from high alienation. In fact,family functioning,as a moderated mediator,had an effect on adolescents＇ alienation. These results imply that we could assist adolescents with high alienation by improving their family socioeconomic status,improving their family functioning,and helping them build positive peer relations.