柬埔寨吴哥世界遗产地存在的问题和保护对策

ISSUES AND APPROACHES TO THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE OF ANGKOR IN CAMBODIA

吴哥(Angkor)是9—15世纪高棉王国(Khmer Empire)的都城。吴哥位于柬埔寨暹粒省境内洞里萨湖(Tonle Sap)北面热带森林之中,是世界上最重要的考古遗址之一。吴哥拥有蔚为壮观的建筑群,包括著名的吴哥窟、吴哥城、巴肯寺、女王宫、塔普伦寺、圣剑寺、塔高寺等。1992年,吴哥被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》。作者在对吴哥世界遗产地考察的基础上,指出了这一遗址保护和管理存在的问题,并提出了相关保护对策。尽管自然因素对吴哥遗址构成严重的威胁,但文物盗窃也是一个大问题。吴哥目前面临的主要问题是缺乏有效的管理体制、旅游压力和城市发展。本文提出的相关保护对策包括管理体制、保护法规、国际合作模式、适当的旅游发展等,以促进吴哥世界遗产地的可持续发展。

Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire during the 9th tolSth century, where is located amid the tropical forest in the north of the Great Lake （Tonle Sap） in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, which is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. Angkor contains the spectacular monuments, including the famous Angkor Wat, Angkor Thom, Bakheng, Banteay Srei, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Ta Keo, etc. In 1992, Angkor was inscribed on the World Heritage List by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This paper, based on the author＇ s investigation to the World Heritage Site of Angkor, points out existing problems, presents a strategy to protect the site. Although natural factors are a threat to Angkor site, a theft of cultural relics is a huge problem. Angkor is now facing main problems, including lack of an appropriate management system, tourism pressure and urban development. This paper presents approaches to heritage site, including a management system, laws, international cooperation, appropriate tourism development, etc. so as to promote sustainable development of the World Heritage Site in Angkor.