钾对厚皮甜瓜成熟果实中芳香物构成及含量的影响

Effects of Different Potassium Dosage on Aroma Components and Contents in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit

以4种不同钾肥量追施处理厚皮甜瓜中蜜5号后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了成熟果实中的芳香物成分,分别在低量钾肥、中量钾肥(CK)、中高量钾肥和高量钾肥处理中检测出32、35、34、39种芳香成分,各占其总峰面积的96.78%、98.39%、95.27%、90.95%。随钾肥施用量增加,果实中挥发性酯类物质与醇类物质的相对含量变化趋势相反。不同钾肥量处理成熟甜瓜果实特征芳香成分中,(E,Z)3,6-壬二烯-1-醇、(Z)-6-壬烯-1-醇乙酸酯、2,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、(6Z)壬烯-1-醇、(Z)3-壬烯-1-醇等相对含量存在显著性差异,特征香气含量随钾肥施用量的增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以适量钾肥处理(9.6g·株-1)为最佳,果实品质最好。

Aroma components of muskmelon （ Cucumis melo L. ） fruits ‘Zhongmi No. 5’were ana- lyzed by Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry （ GC - MS） treated by 4 different potassium fertilizer dosage applications. The results showed that 4 treatments low - K,middle - K （ CK） ,middle and high - K, high - K contained 32,35,34,39 aroma components,respectively,which represented about 96. 78 % ,98. 39 % ,95. 27 % ,90. 95 % peak area of the total. Along with the increasing dosage of potassium fertilizer,the ester and alcohols contents in muskmelon fruit were inverse ratio. The aroma components, such as3,6-Nonadien-1 -ol （E,Z）, （6Z） -Nonen-1 -ol, （Z） -3 -Nonen- 1 -ol, 2,3 - Butanedioldiacetate, Butanoic acid, 2 - methyl-ethyl ester, 6 - Nonen - 1 - ol - acetate and 3 - Nonen - 1 - ol, （Z） - had significant differences in relative contents. The aroma components will follow the trend of increasing first then decreasing afterwards along with the increase of potassium fertilizer dosage. The best quality of muskmelon fruit will be achieved by suitable potassium fertilizer treatment （ 9.6 g per plant）.