篱壁式栽培条件下富士苹果树冠光照分布与果实产量品质的关系

Relationship between distribution of relative light radiation and yield and quality of Red Fuji apple trees trained in hedgerow

以不同主枝数量的篱壁式栽培富士苹果为试材,研究该条件下树冠内光照分布及其与果实品质的关系。结果表明,随着主枝数量的增加,树冠内相对光照强度小于30%的区域所占比例逐渐增加,而大于85%的区域所占比例逐渐减小,主枝数为16～18个的树冠内相对光照强度为30%～85%的(为优质光照)区域比例最高达到77%。60%～85%区域内果实单果重、可溶性糖及果皮花青苷含量均达较高水平,故该相对光照强度对果实品质形成最有利,30%～60%区域次之;相对光照强度≥85%的区域内果实可溶性糖含量最高,内在品质好,但果皮花青苷含量低(为60%～85%区域的75.6%,)。果实主要集中在相对光照小于85%区域内,30%～60%区域内的果实所占比例最高,可达总果实量的40%以上,60%～85%区域次之。结果表明,蓠壁式栽培苹果树冠内优质光照区域所占比例(最高可达77.2%)高于传统的主干形(50%～60%),有利于果树的生长、果实的发育及品质形成,同时还可以提高株间的生产效率,且单株以16～18个主枝为宜。

Light distribution of different canopies and fruit quality and yield distribution of different relative light distribution were studied and determinated by fixed point in Fuji apple tree hedgerow planting with different number of main branch. The result showed that as the number of the main branches increased, the region that the sunlight intensity less than 30% was increased. However, the region that sunlight intensity higher than 85% was decreased, and the region that the relative sunlight intensity between 30% and 85% was 77%, which is the suitable range of light intensity for fruit quality. According to the quality of fruit appearance, the soluble sugar of fruit and the content of anthocyanins in the peel,the relative sunlight intensity that between 60% and 85% was best for fruit quality, and followed by 30% - 60% . The soluble sugar of fruit and the fruit quality was highest and best in the region that sunlight intensity higher than 85% ,while the content of anthocyanins in the peel was lower（just 76.5% of the 60% - 85% region ）. Larger number of apples were mostly within the region with less than 85% relative sunlight intensity, while the highest proportion in the region which relatively light was between 30% and 60% , which was up to 40% of the total yield, and followed by 60%- 85% region. The results indicated that it was enough to admit sunlight for hedgerow planting apple trees, the proportion of high quality light space was higher than the traditional form of main branch（higher than 77.2% to 50% - 60% in main branch form）, which was benefit for the growth, fruit development and quality formation of trees. Meanwhile, it will improve the productivity among plants, especially the branch number was between 16 and 18.