中国十三省市土壤中非共生固氮微生物菌种资源研究

Collection and investigation on asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial resources from 13 provinces over China

从全国13个省市自治区的70份土样中分离、采集到了非共生固氮微生物资源181份。从形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析表明,采集到的菌种资源在科学分类上属于24属66种,大约占到已报道非共生固氮微生物属的一半,具备一定的多样性和代表性。资源在分类学上的特点是分类地位相对集中,有65株菌属于类芽孢杆菌属,占总量的36%;52株菌属于芽孢杆菌属,占总量的29%;19株菌属于节杆菌属,占总量的11%;这3个属菌株合计占采集资源总量的76%。随地域和作物种类分布的特点是芽孢杆菌和类芽孢杆菌两个属的菌种资源具有很强的地域广泛性和作物广泛性,即从采自全国各地、各种作物的土壤样品几乎都可以分离到这两类菌种。这个研究结果对微生物肥料菌种选育和生产应用具有指导意义。

One hundred and eighty one asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from 70 soil samples collected from 13 provinces over China. Results based on the determination of morphology, physiology and chemical properties, together with 16S rDNA sequencing, indicated that these strains belong to 66 species of 24 genera, which account for about a half of currently reported genera of asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Taxonomic distribution of these strains was relative converging, 65 strains belongs to Paenibacillus, 52 strains belongs to Bacillus and 19 strains belongs to Arthrobacter, which accounts for 36%, 29% and 11% of gross resource, respectively. Strains of these 3 groups make up 76% of gross resource. Strains of Paenibacillus and Bacillus showed significant diversity on the distribution regarding to geography and crops. Namely strains of these 2 groups could be isolated from almost every sample collected from root area of crops all over China.