吉林口岸地区主要蜱类及蜱媒病原检测分析

Detection and Analysis on Important Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogen at Jilin Port Areas, China

本研究对吉林省口岸地区主要蜱类进行监测，并采用分子生物学方法对新发蜱媒病进行检测。结果共采集蜱类1620只，分属1科3属4种，其中，集安口岸为日本血蜱Haemaphysalis japonica和嗜群血蜱Haemaphysalis concinna2种，以嗜群血蜱H．concinna为主；延边口岸为森林革蜱Dermacentor silvarum、日本血蜱H．japonica和嗜群血蜱H．concinna3种，以嗜群血蜱H．concinna为主；长白口岸为森林革蜱D．silvarum和全沟硬蜱lxodes persulcatus2种，以全沟硬蜱I．persulcotus为主。蜱携带病原体检测结果显示，集安口岸嗜群血蜱幼蜱中检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii和Q热贝氏斯柯氏体C．burnetii2种病原体，最小感染率（MIR）为0．25％；若蜱和成蜱中检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii、艾氏疏螺旋体B．afzelii和Q热贝氏斯柯氏体C．burnetii3种病原体，阳性感染率分别为2．08％、0．35％、0．69％。延边日岸嗜群血蜱中检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii、艾氏疏螺旋体B．afielii和Q热贝氏斯柯氏体C．burnetii3种病原体，阳性感染率分别为4．88％、1．63％和1．86％；日本血蜱中，检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii、Q热贝氏斯柯氏体C．bureaii和北亚斑点热群立克次体R．sibirica3种病原体，阳性感染率均为1．85％。长白口岸森林革蜱检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii、人单核细胞埃立克体E．chaffensis、O热贝氏斯柯氏体C．burnetii、北亚斑点热群立克次体R．sibirica、黑龙江立克次体R．heilongfiangensis5种病原体，阳性感染率分别为2．56％、5．13％、2．56％、20．51％、7．69％，其中从1只森林革蜱中同时检测出北亚斑点热群立克次体R．sibirica和伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii的复合感染；在全沟硬蜱中，检测到伽氏疏螺旋体B．garinii、艾氏疏螺旋体B．afielii、人单核细胞埃立克体E．chaffensis、嗜吞噬无形体A．phagocytophilum、微小巴贝西原虫B．microti、双芽巴贝西原虫B．divergens、斑点热群立克次体R．sibirica和黑龙江立克次体R．heilongjiangensis8种病原体，阳性感染率依次为6．60％、2．90％、2．37％、3．69％、5．28％、1．85％、6．60％、1．58％。由此提示吉林口岸地区蜱类自然感染蜱媒病原存在的证据。

To monitor the main species of ticks in the port areas of Jilin province and detect tick-borne pathogen, molecular diagnosis were used. A total of 1 620 ticks was identified belonging to 4 species, 3 genera and 1 family. At Ji＇an port areas, 2 species of ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis japonica and Haemaphysalis concinna, the latter was the dominant. At Yanbian port areas, 3 species of ticks were identified as Dermacentor silvarum, H. japonica and H. conciana, the last one was the dominant. At Changbai port areas, 2 species of ticks were identified as D. silvarum and Ixodes persulcatus, the latter one was the dominant. Tick-borne pathogen detection revealed that ： In H. concinna of Ji＇an port, B. garinii and C. burnetii were detected from larval ticks with MIR of 0.25 %, while B. garinii, B. afzelii and C. burnetii were detected from nymphal and adult ticks with infection rate of 2.08%, 0.35%, 0.69%, respectively. In Yanbian port, H. corwinna take B. garinii, B. afzelii and C. burnetii with infection rate of 4.88%, 1.63%, 1.86%, respectively; B. garinii, C. burnetii and R. sibirica were isolated from H. japonica with infection rate of 1.25% . In Changbai port, B. garinii, E. chaffensis, C. burnetii, R. sibirica and R. heilongjiangensis were got from D. silvarum with infection rate of 2.56 %, 5.13 %, 2.56 %, 20.51%, 7.69 %, respectively; and a multiple infection of R. sibirica and B. garinii were found in a D. silvarum. B. garinii, B. afzelii, E. chaffensis, A. phagocytophilum, B. microti, B. divergens, R. sibirica and R. heilongjiangensis were detected from I. persulcatus with infection rate of 6.60%, 2.90%, 2.37%, 3.69%, 5.28%, 1.85%, 6.60%, 1.58%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the ticks in Jilin port areas may be infected with several tick-borne pathogens.