美国黄松引种区气候分析及生长评价

Growth Evaluation & Climate Analysis of Introduced Pinus ponderosa in China

对我国35个美国黄松引种地的年平均气温、极端温度、无霜期、年日照时数、平均风速、年平均相对湿度和年降雨量等10个气候因子及美国黄松生长状况进行了主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:湿度因子(包括年平均相对湿度、无霜期、最低温度、年均温度、极端最低温度、年均风速)比温度因子(包括≥10℃的积温、最高温度)重要。在植物引种驯化过程中,温度因子则比湿度因子重要。温度因子中最高温度常常对美国黄松的生长影响大;极端最低温度对美国黄松的生长亦有重要影响。依据各引种区美国黄松生长状况,将35个引种区的划分为5类。

To analyze the 10 climate factors（annual average temperature, extreme temperatures, frost-free period, annual sunshine hours, average wind speed, annual average relative humidity and rainfall, etc） in 35 Pinus ponderosa introduction areas of China by using principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the humidity factors （such as the annual average relative hu- midity, frost-free period, the minimum temperature, average temperature, extreme minimum tempera- ture, annual average wind speed） were more important than temperature factors （such as the accumulated temperature ~10~C ,the maximum temperature）. In the plant introduction and acclimatization process, the temperature factor was more important than the humidity factor. The maximum temperature exhibited sig- nificant effects on the introduction and growth of P. ponderosa. The minimum temperature was not the climate weighting factor. The minimum temperature had a major impact on the growth of P. ponderosa. 35 introduction areas were divided into five levels based on growth situations.