基于GIS的九寨沟自然保护区景观格局分析

Landscape Pattern Analysis Based on GIS in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve

以景观生态学理论为研究基础,以RS和GIS为技术支撑,以Quick Bird高分辨率卫星数据资料为基本信息,将九寨沟自然保护区划分为林地、耕地、灌木林地、草地、水域、居民用地、公交用地和未利用土地8种景观类型,并从景观多样性、优势度、均匀度、破碎度、分离度、廊道密度及分维数等角度对研究区景观的空间分布和结构特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:九寨沟自然保护区斑块面积较小,斑块结构较为复杂;各景观组分中林地、草地面积最大,保持相对完整;耕地和公交用地面积较小,呈零散状分布;景观整体多样性较低,各景观组分的分维数均较低,远离2,而趋于1,表明各景观类型的边界褶皱程度较低,景观整体的边界形状较为简单。并对保护区的生态可持续发展提出了相应建议。

On the basis of landscape ecology theory, under the support of RS and GIS techniques, using Quick Bird satellite images, Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve was divided into 8 landscape types, concluding forestland, cultivated land, shrub land, grassland, water area, residential land, public transportation land, unused land. The characteristics of spatial distribwtion and structure of the reserve were investigated from aspects of landscape diversity, dominance, evenness, fragmentation, isolation, corridor density, and fractal dimension. The results showed that average patch area within the reserve was small, and the patch shape was complex; areas of forestland and grassland were the biggest, remain relatively complete; but areas of cultivated land as well as transportation land were small, presenting isolated scattered points dis- tribution; total variety of the whole landscape was low, and fractional dimension of each landscape type was small, ranging from 1 and 2, indicating that the edges of each landscape type were relatively smooth, meanwhile, boundary shapes of the whole landscape was relatively simple. Some sustainable developmental countermeasures were put forward accordingly.