半夏群体生物学特性的研究

A STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PINELLIA TERNATA POPULATIONS

本文以5个栽培群体和2个自然群体的半夏为对象,对其生活周期,有性和无性繁殖,倒苗和休眠以及传播等生物学现象作了周期性观察,还对块茎、珠芽和果实的萌发作了测定。结果表明:(1)无论是狭叶型还是卵叶型半夏,在南京地区都能顺利地完成生活周期。(2)半夏既有有性繁殖,又有无性繁殖。无性繁殖包括了珠芽和块茎繁殖,但延续后代最主要是珠芽。(3)半夏生活周期中出现倒苗和休眠是对环境的适应。环境条件恶劣时以倒苗和休眠保持种质,适宜时可以不倒苗和休眠。(4)半夏在传播上缺乏有效的方式,珠芽、子块茎和果实均落在母株附近,是一种开拓性较差的物种。

The authors periodically observed the biological characteritics of 5 cultivated and 2natural populations of Pinellia ternata such as the life cycle,sexual reproduction,asexualreproduction,“sprout tumble”,dormancy and propagation.Meanwhile,germinationrate of their tuber,bulbil and fruit was also measured.The results are as follows:1.In Nanjing region P.ternata of narrow leaf type and egg leaf type can completethe life cycle successfully.2.P.ternata is of sexual and asexual reproduction.The asexual includes bulbil andtuber reproduction,the former dominating over the latter.3.“Sprout tumble”and dormancy in the life cycle of P.ternata are adapted to theenvironment.Under unfavourable environmental conditions“sprout tumble”anddormancy are developed in order to keep the germ-plasm.When the conditon is suitable,no“sprout tumble”and dormancy occur.4.The bulbils,newtubers and fruits which fall down near to the parent-plants arenot sufficient for propagation.P.ternata is a worse colonial species.