南农矮脚黄四倍体不结球白菜新品种的选育

BREEDING OF“NANNONG AIJIAOHUANG”OF NON-HEADING TETRAPLOID CHINESE CABBAGE

1980年秋,用0.4%秋水仙素水溶液加羊毛脂与单用同浓度的水溶液,双重处理二倍体矮脚黄白菜的幼苗472株。最后得到4株有利用价值的同源四倍体突变株,诱变率达到0.8%。四倍体与二倍体以气孔、花瓣、花粉粒的大小以及叶片和叶柄的大小、厚度相比较,除叶片和叶柄的长度反常地小于二倍体外,其余的值皆超过二倍体,表现出多倍体的“巨大性”。四倍体与二倍体的营养成分相比,VC 增加32.2%,氨基酸总量(干量)增加4.14%,还原糖增加24.0%,而粗纤维却减少12.7%,其品质明显提高。两年的品比试验和生产试验,四倍体比二倍体平均分别增产22.6%和22.4%,但两年区域试验产量差异不显著。

In the autumn of 1980,472 Aijiaohuang young plants were dually treated with0.4% coichicine aqueous solution with and without lanolin.As a result,4 useful mutantplants of autotetraploid were obtained,the induced mutation frequency being 0.8%.Tetraploid exceeded diploid in dimensions of stomata,petals,and pollen grains,as well as in the area and thickness of leaf bladcs and leafstalks except in the length ofleaf blades and leafstalks,showing the“cnormous characteristics”of polyploid.A comparison between tetraploid and diploid indicated that the former′s content ofvitamin,amino acid,reducing sugar and moisture,rose by 32.3%,4.1%,24.0%and 1.22%,and that the coarse fibre reduced by 12.7%.As a result,its qualityprominently improved.Two year experiment showed that the yield of tetraploid per mu rose by 22.6% and22.4%,respectively,without significant difference.