抗Rh(D)抗体制备的研究进展

Progress in research on preparation of antibodies against rhesus D antigen

RhD抗原是表达在人类红细胞表面的血型抗原,其在免疫原性和临床上的应用仅次于ABO血型系统,相应的抗Rh(D)抗体在血型鉴定和预防新生儿溶血等方面均具有重要意义。传统的抗Rh(D)多克隆抗体来自健康人的血清,由于来源受限和血浆制品的安全问题,人们开始了抗Rh(D)的单克隆抗体和基因工程抗体的研究。国外研制的抗Rh(D)的单克隆抗体已成功用于血型鉴定,但到目前为止,还没有一个单克隆或者基因工程抗Rh(D)抗体作为多克隆抗Rh(D)抗体的替代品,在临床上用于预防Rh(D)免疫和新生儿溶血。本文对抗Rh(D)抗体制备的研究进展进行了综述。

The RhD antigen is expressed only in human red blood cells （RBC）.Its immunogenicity and clinical application are only next to ABO blood group system,and is widely used both for blood typing and prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn.The traditional anti-Rh（D） is derived by fractionation of plasma from individuals who have been sensitized by pregnancy or transfusion,or have been deliberately immunized to produce anti-Rh（D）.Because of the limited source of plasma,researchers began the study of nonoclonal and recombinant antibody. Monoclonal and recombinant antiRh（D） antibodies may provide alternatives to the current plasma derived polyclonal IgG anti-Rh（ D）, but up to now,none of them have yet proved effective in humans for prevention of RhD immunity and hemolytic disease of the newborn.