苦瓜主要经济性状的遗传及其与环境互作效应

Analysis of Genetic×Environment Effect for the Main Economic Traits in Bitter Gourd(Momordica charantia L.)

利用加性—显性与环境互作遗传模型,分析了7个苦瓜亲本及其21个F1代在春、秋两个栽培季节8个经济性状的数据,估算了各项遗传方差分量。结果表明,单株前期产量(单株前产)、单瓜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚和果形指数等6个性状主要由加性效应控制,加性方差的比率分别为45.2%、70.7%、89.4%、38.1%、41.2%和22.0%,均达极显著水平;单株产量和单株结果数则以加性×环境效应占优势(加性×环境方差的比率分别为24.5%和38.1%)。除单株结果数外,其余性状的普通狭义遗传率和普通广义遗传率均达到极显著水平;单株结果数的互作狭义和互作广义遗传率最高,也达到了极显著水平。

The genetic effects of main traits in bitter gourd were analysed by using genotype× environment interaction model with 7 inbreed lines and their 21 hybrids culturing in spring and autumn. The results indicated that most tested traits including early fruit yield per plant （efy） , fruit weight （fw） , fruit length （f t）, fruit diameter （f d）, pericarp thickness （pt）, index of fruit shape （ifs） were mainly controlled by the additive effects, their proportion of additive variances in phenotypic effective accountive was 45.2% , 70.7% , 89.4% , 38.1% , 41.2% and 22.0% respectively, all of which were significant at 0.01 level; However, fruit yield per plant （fy） and fruit number per plant （fn） were significantly more impacted by additive × environment interaction than that by additive effects, the variance proportion of which were 24.5% and 38.1%. All the economic traits influenced by dominance or dominance × environment, but their variance proportion was smaller compared to additive or additive × environment. General heritabilities in the narrow and broad sense were significant at 0. 01 level for all traits except fn. Interaction heritabilities in the narrow and broad sense for fn were the highest in those of the investigated traits and significant at 0.01 level.