阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠的特点和应用

Characteristics and Application of Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

建立动物模型的目的是在实验动物身上复制人类疾病的模型,用于研究人类疾病的病因、发病、病理变化以及疾病的预防和治疗。目前尚无理想的阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)动物模型,AD实验动物模型的滞后在很大程度上制约了AD治疗药物的筛选。随着AD病因和发病机制研究的不断深入,更完善的AD动物模型也在陆续出现。近年来出现的转基因动物模型属于AD的病因模型,但也不能完整复制出AD的所有特征。最大的缺憾在于缺乏神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)和在某些转基因模型中(尤其是单转基因模型)无广泛的神经元丢失。虽然用免疫组化方法检测到tau蛋白,但从未发现成对螺旋纤丝(paired helical filaments,PHF)。

The aim of establishment of animal models is to replicate human diseases in the animals and serve studies on causes,symptoms,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment,etc.of those diseases.Up to now,there is no ideal animal model of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）.The lag of animal models of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） has greatly restricted the studies on of AD-related drug development.Regarding the causes and mechanisms of AD,some more desirable AD animal models have been developed.In recent years,some transgenic AD animal models have emerged and much facilitate the studies on etiology and pathogenesis of AD.However,this model can not replicate all the features of AD.The most striking distinction is a lack of neurofibrillary tangles（NFTs）,and in some types of transgenic models（especially single transgenic models）,no extensive neuronal loss is observed.Although tau protein has been detected in those models by immunohistochemical methods,paired helical filaments（PHF） have never been found.In this article,we are trying to review on some hot topics of development and application of transgenic mouse models in AD research.