新入院肺结核患者文化休克现象调查分析及护理对策

Investigation and analysis of the phenomenon of cultural shock of hospital new tuberculosis patients and nursing strategy

目的调查新入院肺结核患者的文化休克现象,为今后进一步做好这一人群的护理工作提供科学依据。方法根据病人的入院先后抽取初诊患者1 000例进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷1 000份(男610,女390)。结果新入院肺结核患者中文化休克现象约占61.1%,发生文化休克相关因素中性别、年龄、文化程度、经济状况、民族因素差异有统计学意义。文化休克阳性类型中,焦虑、恐惧、沮丧、绝望普遍存在,严重影响肺结核患者的治疗效果。结论文化休克现象与患者对医院文化的陌生与信息的缺乏、适应性障碍、沟通交流障碍和日常生活习惯、态度和信仰的改变、个体的差异等因素密切相关,按照跨文化护理理论要求,必须对新入院肺结核患者实施以文化关怀为中心的个性化、人文护理,并综合运用各种方法和手段,帮助这一群体增强跨文化适应能力,减轻乃至消除文化休克症状,顺利渡过跨文化适应期,取得明显的治疗效果,早日康复。

Objective To investigate the culture shock phenomenon of new admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients and provide scientific basis for nursing. Methods 1 000 new patients are sampled and surveyed by questionnaire, 1 000 copy of valid questionnaires were collected（610 males and 390 females）. Results Approximately 61.1% new pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to hospital presents the phenomenon of culture shock, Sex, age, education level, economic status, ethnic are related factors of culture shock with significantly difference. Anxiety, fear, frustration, despair prevail in positive cases of culture shock which affectting the treatment effect in patients with tuberculosis seriously. Conclusions Culture shock phenomenon was closely related to factors such as patients unfamiliarity to hospitals culture and a lack of information,adaptability barriers, communication barriers, daily habits, attitudes and beliefs change, individual differences and other factors. According to transcultural nursing theory,personalized and humanistic care should be implemented for new admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients centering on cultural care with comprehensive use of a variety of ways and means to help this group to enhance transcultural adaptability,reducing and even eliminating the symptoms of culture shock,going smoothly through transcultural adaptability period to obtain significant treatment effect and a speedy recovery.