作为组织问题的“血荒”:一项社会学的探究

"Blood Crisis"as a Problem of Organization:A Sociological Approach

在自愿献血制度下,血荒,尤其是季节性血荒在部分城市年复一年地出现,严重影响到输血病人的健康和生命安全。在讨论血荒原因时,人们往往把它归为季节性的或寒或热的天气、大学生的放假,甚至直指公众的奉献精神,或是无偿献血制度本身。通过社会学的视角和方法,本文对前述几种观点或是驳斥,或是指出它们过于肤浅,需要继续挖掘,并进一步提出血荒归根到底是一个组织问题的观点。而后,通过一个案例,详述了采血机构应对血荒的决策和行动,指出采血机构对资源,尤其是行政资源的合适动员是可以转化为对民众的动员,从而实现血荒的消解。

Under the system of voluntary blood donation, blood crisis, especially seasonal blood crisis, haunts some cities year after year, which poses a serious threat to the patients in need of blood transfusion. People often attribute the crisis to seasonal hot or cold weather, to the vacation of college students, even to the public＇s lack of devotion and the system of unpaid donation itself. By using the method and perspective of sociology, this paper discredits all of the above explanations. Blood crisis is, in the final analysis, a problem of organization. Based on a case study, this paper expatiates on the decision-making and action of a blood collection agency in the face of blood crisis. Adequate mobilization of resources, especially administrative resources, can be translated into public mobilization to overcome blood crisis.