长期施用含硫与含氯肥料对水稻产量及其构成要素的影响

Effects of Long-Term Application of Sulphur-Containing and Chloride-Containing Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Its Components of Rice

【目的】研究长期施用含硫酸根、氯离子的肥料对南方红壤水稻产量及其构成要素的影响。【方法】统计分析长期施用含硫酸根、氯离子肥料的稻田耕层土壤中SO42-、Cl-含量变化及其与早、晚水稻产量的关系。【结果】长期施用含SO42-肥料,SO42--S含量在土壤中表现为前期上升,后期下降,其含量变化与早、晚稻总产量呈显著负相关。长期施用Cl-、Cl-+SO42-、SO42-肥料,3个处理早稻和晚稻历年平均产量分别为5738.9、5657.5、5633.8kg.hm-2和4831.9、4603.8、4557.0kg.hm-2,以施Cl-处理产量最高。施SO42-处理15年后水稻产量下降迅速,显著低于施Cl-处理,至2000年后又平缓上升,各处理之间无显著差异。施氯处理土壤SO42--S含量维持在26.50mg·kg-1左右,未出现缺硫现象。【结论】在南方红壤丘陵区水田上长期施用含硫肥料易导致土壤SO42--S过量累积,对水稻生长存在一定风险,施用含氯肥料效果要好于含硫肥料。

[Objective] Effects of long-term application of sulphur-containing and chloride-containing chemical fertilizers on yield and its components of rice were studied in southern red soil. [ Method ] The concentration of SO42- and Cl- in paddy soil, and its relationship with yield of early and late rice were analyzed after long-term application sulphur-containing and chloride-containing, chemical fertilizers using the statistical method. [Result] The concentration of SO4^2--S in paddy soil increased first and then decreased later after long-term application of sulphur-containing chemical fertilizers, and total yield of early and late rice were showed a negative correlation with concentration of SO4^2--S significantly. The average yields of early rice （1982-2008） were 5 738.9, 5 657.5, 5 633.8 kg·hm^-2, and the yields of late rice were 4 831.9, 4 603.8, and 4 557.0 kg·hm^-2, respectively, after long-term application of Cl-, Cl-＋SO4^2-, SO4^2-Tertilizers. The yield was the highest under Cl- treatment. Yield of rice in SO4^2- treatment declined rapidly after 15 years of fertilization and was less than that of Cl treatment significantly, but increased slowly after 2000, and the yield of the three treatments showed no significant difference. The concentration of SO4^2--S maintained 26.50 mg·kg^-1, and the symptom of sulphur lack did not appear. [Conclusion] The concentration of SO4^2- was accumulated easily in southern hilly area paddy soil after long-term application of sulphur-containing fertilizers, which resulted in the risks of rice growth, the effects of long-term application of chloride-containing fertilizers was better than sulphur-containing fertilizers.