基于需求分析的应急资源结构框架研究

Structural Framework of Emergency Resources Based on Demands Analysis

应急资源结构是指在应对公共突发事件中所利用的应急资源的内部联系和一定秩序,构建应急资源结构框架是进行应急资源体系建设的重要基础。本文以2008雪灾和"5.12"汶川大地震的应急管理为案例,分析了在两次自然灾害应急管理中的应急资源需求,对应急资源进行了归类。在此基础上,充分考虑国民经济与社会发展指标体系的现状,构建了层次递阶的应急资源结构框架:第一个层次为应急资源类别,包括应急救援资源、基础设施与服务、专业处置资源和支撑保障资源四大类别;第二个层次为应急资源子类,在每个资源类别下划分若干个应急资源子类;第三个层次为应急资源细目,在每个子类下设计若干应急资源细目。从而形成了以应急救援资源为核心、以基础设施与服务为基础、以专业处置资源为依托、兼顾支撑保障资源的应急资源结构框架。

The structural framework of emergency resources is the internal relation and the systematic order of the emergency reeources when we handle emergencies. Building the structural framework of the emergency resources is the essential foundation to construct the emergency resources system, which is beneficial to improve the support eapacity of the emergency resources, to bring about the effective integration, and to optimize the allocation of the emergency resources based on comprehensive resources and demand-oriented. This article analyzed the demands of the emergency resources and classified the emergency recources based on the cases of South Frozen disaster in 2008 and May 12th Wenchuan earthquake. On this basis, the structural framework of the emergency resources, a hierarchical structure, is built in consideration of the index system of national economic and social development. The first level is the category, of the emergency resources, including the resources of emergency, the infrastructure and services, the resources of professional disposition and the resources of supporting and protection. The second level is the subcategory of the emergency resources. That is to say, every, category, is divided into several subcategories. The third level is the enumeration of the emergency resources. Every. subcategory is divided into several enumerations. Accordingly, this article build a structural framework of the emergency resources that the core resources are the resources of emergency, the base resources are the infrastructure and services, the resources relying on are the resources of professional disposition, and the coordination resources are the resources of supporting and protection.