南四湖新薛河湖滨带湿地修复效果评价

Evaluation of Ecological Rehabilitation of Xinxue River Wetland,Nansi Lake of Eastern Route South-to-North Water Transfer

通过对南水北调东线南四湖新薛河入湖口湖滨带人工湿地修复区的植物群落组成和物种多样性进行调查,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数对该地区的植物物种多样性进行分析,以评价退耕还湿措施对湖滨带退化湿地的生态修复效果。结果表明,经过2年的生态修复工作,湖滨带退化湿地中的植物物种数量由修复前的16科25种提高到修复后的24科47种。修复后的湖滨带湿地生态系统具有较高的生物多样性,其物种多样性明显高于未修复地区,其中,修复后的湿地高位台田区Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、均匀度指数分别为1.619、0.745和0.860,远高于未修复高位台田区的0.060、0.012和0.065。通过退耕还湿措施修复的湖滨带人工湿地系统对于恢复南四湖湿地的物种多样性、实现湖滨带湿地生态系统的自然可持续性具有重要的意义。

The methods of Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, community evenness index and abundance index were used to analyze the conanunities＇ composition and species diversity in the restoring constructed wetland ecosystem of Xinxue River in Nansi Lake, eastern mute of South-to-North Water Transfer. Through returning land for farming to wet land the effect of ecological rehabilitation on the degenerative lakeshom wetland was evaluated. The results showed that the species of wetland plant were 47, belonging to 24 families after ecological rehabilitation for two years, higher than that with 25 species, belonging to 16 families in raised fields-fish ponds area. The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitative wetland were bigger than those of raised fields-fish ponds area without ecological rehabilitation. And Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and community evenness index of raised fields in rehabilitative wetland were 1. 619, 0. 745 and 0. 860, higher than those with 0. 060, 0. 012 and 0. 065 of raised fields without rehabilitation, respectively. The lakeshore constructed wetland system played an important role in protecting the speeies diversity and implement of natural durative lakeshore wetland ecosystem by the measure of returning land for farming to wetland.