从《夕堂永日绪论》看王夫之的八股文观

Wang Fuzhi and His Discussion to While Away the Days at the Evening Hall

王夫之是明末清初的著名思想家、文学家和文论家。过去,人们对王夫之文论思想的研究,大都集中在其创新性方面,而他对传统文化的继承性则几乎被忽略。王夫之主张入世的诗学观,而八股文是入世最直接最有力的文章体裁。《夕堂永日绪论》是王夫之文论思想的重要组成部分,又是其八股文观的集中体现。王夫之将八股文与诗同视为文学创作的重要领域,因而他所提倡的八股文亦是立意高卓、格调清新而且诗意盎然的八股文。王夫之认为,写作八股文的过程中,作者可以渐臻技与道相合的崇高精神境界。

Wang Fuzhi is a famous thinker, litterateur and critic who lived in a time when the Ming changed into the Qing. Past researches of Wang Fuzhi are in most cases focused on how he makes an innovation whereas his inheritance of traditional culture has almost been neglected. Wang Fuzhi thinks that man should enter worldly affairs with poetry, and the eight - part essay is such a genre the most direct and forceful. Discussion to While Away the Days at the Evening Hall is an important part of his literary thoughts, and in the meanwhile it is a concentrated embodiment of his view on the eight - part essay. In his view, poetry and eight- part essay are two compositional spheres with equal importance. He advocates that the eight -part essay should be lofty in ideological approach, fresh and new in mode and tune, and full of poetic gustoes. In his opinion, in the process of writing eight - part essays, a writer may gradually reach a sublime realm in which the Way and techniques are mingled together.