中原平原农区回乡创业的现状--对周口市回乡创业者的问卷调查

On the Current State of the Business Activities by Return Migrants in Zhongyuan Plain:a sample survey of the return migrant entrepreneurs in Zhoukou

"回乡创业"现象从上世纪90年代后期开始受到学者们的关注。近年来在中国,"回乡创业"已经形成了一个潮流。中原农村地区是典型的传统平原农区,工业化和城镇化进程较为缓慢,诸多矛盾在这里交织汇集。"回乡创业"对促进这些地区的工业化、城镇化及农业现代化进程也许有更强的作用与更大的意义,同时,对解决广受社会关注的"留守儿童"及"留守老人"问题也做出了一些贡献。一般来说,回乡创业者具有相对高的学历,外出打工时,他们有学技术与本事的有关人力资本积累的动机;另外,他们外出打工时作为技术人员或经营班子成员的经历对他们以后的创业意义重大。但值得注意的是,"关系"(社会网络)在创业者的创业过程中作用较大;此外,政府的政策支持必不可少。

Recently, the establishment of a business by return migrants forms a new trend in China. After a second half of 1990s, this phenomenon is gradually drawing attention from experts. In this study, we discussed the current state of the activities by return migrant entrepreneurs in Zhongyuan plain rural area based on the sample survey of return migrant entrepreneurs in four counties of Zhoukou, Henan province. We understood that return migrant entrepreneurs have relatively high educational background and when out--migration they have had the motivation of accumulating the human capital such as mastering the working skill. On the other hands, the many of them experienced engineers or managers in the city. After return to native area, using experience, financial capital, guanxi （social networks） as well as the supports of local governments, they establish own business.