国际重力卫星研究进展和我国将来卫星重力测量计划

Research progress in international gravity satellites and future satellite gravity measurement program in China

本文首先分别介绍了国际已经成功发射的专用地球重力测量卫星CHAMP、GRACE以及即将发射的GOCE、GRACE Follow-On和专用月球重力探测卫星GRAIL的研制机构、轨道参数、关键载荷、跟踪模式、测量原理、科学目标和技术特征;其次,阐述了当前相关学科对地球重力场测量精度的需求;最后,建议我国在将来实施的卫星重力测量计划中首选卫星跟踪卫星高低\低低模式,尽快开展轨道参数优化选取的定量系统研究论证和重力卫星系统的误差分析,依据匹配精度指标先期开展重力卫星各关键载荷的研制以及尽早启动卫星重力测量系统的虚拟仿真研究。

In this paper, firstly, the research organizations, orbit parameters, key payloads, tracking modes, measuring principles, scientific objectives and technical features of the international special Earth＇s gravity measurement satellites such as CHAMP, GRACE launched and GOCE, GRACE Follow-On, special lunar gravity measurement satellite GRAIL to be launched are introduced. Secondly, the current requirements of related disciplines to the accuracy of Earth gravitational field are expatiated. Finally, the authors suggest that the satellite-to-satellite tracking in the high-low or low-low mode should be selected in the future satellite gravity measurement program. The quantitative and systenatic research demonstration on optimal selection of orbit parameters should be developed and error analysis of gravity satellite system should be done as quickly as possible. The key payloads of gravity satellite according to matching accuracy indexes should be studied as rapidly as possible, and the virtual simulation of satellite gravity measurement system should be constructed as early as possible.