铁路机械工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查与分析

INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ON CHRONIC MUSCLE AND SKELETAL INJURIES IN MACHINERY MECHANIC RAILROAD WORKER

目的调查铁路系统机械工人肌肉骨骼损伤患病情况,以评价、识别和控制该作业人员的职业危害。方法选择716名机械工人为观察组,780名非机械作业的科室行政管理人员为对照组,根据肌肉骨骼损伤患病率进行组间对照。结果观察组肌肉骨骼损伤患病率明显高于对照组,且随工龄延长而升高,铸工患病率占首位,患病部位以腰背部为多,固定站立姿势作业人员患病率最高。结论长时间固定的作业姿势是肌肉骨骼损伤的重要原因,提示需加强对其进行综合性的职业卫生防护。

Objective To investigate the muscle and skeletal injuries of the machinery mechanic worker in the railroad system to evaluate, recognize and control the occupational hazards. Methods 716 machinery mechanic workers and 780 non- mechanical workers were selected as the experiment group and the control group, respectively. The contrast anal- ysis was carried out on the prevalence of muscle and skeletal injuries between 2 groups. Results The prevalence of muscle and skeletal injuries was significantly higher in mechanical workers than that in non- mechanical workers. The prevalence of injuries increased with the extension of the service year. The foundry workers had the highest injury rate and the injuries mainly occurred in waist and back. The workers with a long time standing in a fixed posture had the most serious damage. Conclusion The long time working in a fixed posture is one of the major influential factors of the injuries. To avoid long time working in the same posture and do body exercise are the best methods to prevent occupational hazard.