清代时期汾河中游地区洪涝灾害研究

Study on flood disasters in the middle reaches of river Fenhe during Qing Dynasty

通过对历史文献资料的搜集、整理和分析,对清代汾河中游地区洪涝灾害的时空变化与形成原因进行了研究。结果表明:在清代268年间,汾河中游发生洪涝灾害104次,平均每2.58年发生一次。清代早期和晚期是洪涝灾害多发期,中期是洪涝灾害较少发生时期。该段流域洪涝灾害的发生主要集中在汾河中上游段支流上的汾阳、文水、介休、清徐、交城5县市。根据涝灾的等级序列得出,清代该段流域2级涝灾发生次数最多,1级涝灾和3级涝灾次之,4级涝灾发生次数较少。最后对洪涝灾害形成原因分析表明,气候变化是汾河中游洪涝灾害发生的重要原因,而人为因素则加剧了洪涝灾害的发生,这为了解汾河中游洪涝灾害长尺度变化规律研究具有重要的现实意义。

The temporal and spatial characteristics and the cause of the Qing Dynasty flood disasters in the mid- dle reaches of fiver Fenhe were studied through collecting, sorting and analyzing historical documents. The resuhs showed that there were 104 of flood disasters occurred in the middle reaches of river Fenhe, and approximately happeneded once per 2.58 years in this period. In the earlier and later stages of Qing Dynasty, the occurrence of flood disasters were higher and in the middle stage the disasters decreased obviously. The occurring frequency of flood disasters increased obviously in the tributaries of upper reaches in the middle ＇of the river Fenhe, especially in Fenyang, Wenshui, Jiexiu, Qingxu and Jiaocheng counties. According to the grade series of flood disasters, the occurring frequency of flood disasters at grade second was the highest, and then the first grade and third grade. The occurring frequency of flood disastes at fourth grade was the lowest. Finaly, reasons for the high occurring frequency of flood disasters in the middle reaches of Fenhe river in the Qing Dynasty was analyzed, the results showed that the climatic fluctuation was the main reason to cause flood disasters, and the artificial factor accelerated the flood disasters.